Cabanin® CSD
Cabanin® CSD contains a high amount of polyphenols (min. 9.5%) known for their antioxidati...
University research with tilapia has shown that a natural polyphenol product can substitute up to 80% of added vitamins E and C in fish feed.
Some fruits, berries and herbs have a high content of polyphenols that possess interesting properties in animal feeds. Cabanin® CSD (Cabanin) has a high content of polyphenols in the form of selected elements from grapes, citrus, blackcurrants, and chestnut with a particularly strong antioxidant effect. These polyphenols can be even more effective antioxidants than vitamins E and C. In addition to the antioxidant properties, the polyphenols in Cabanin also have good anti-microbial and anti-inflammatory properties.
These selected polyphenols have the potential to partially replace vitamins E and C in animal feed. Animals, including fish, are often fed vitamins E and C far beyond the minimum requirement to ensure a sufficient level of antioxidants to counteract oxidative stress. It is possible to replace that part of the vitamin E and C content in the feed above the minimum standard requirements and even improve the results.
Enhance growth performance
A trial conducted at Nong Lam University (Dr. Vo Van Tuan) in Vietnam in 2022 aimed to investigate the effects of Cabanin as a vitamin E and C antioxidant replacement above the minimum dosage of 50ppm.
Figure 1. Effect on the overall weight gain. Initial fish weight 9.8g. ab Means with different superscripts within the row differ significantly (P<0.05).
Figure 2. Effect on the overall average feed conversion ratio. ab Means with different superscripts within the row differ significantly (P<0.05)
A total of 600 Nile tilapia fingerlings with an IBW of 9.8g were divided into 4 groups with 3 replicates. The trial lasted 10 weeks. The groups were fed a basal extruded pre-grow-out tilapia diet assigned to one of the following treatments: Low Vit. E & C, 50ppm of vitamin E (all-rac-α-tocopheryl acetate) and vitamin C; High Vit. E, 250ppm of vitamin E and C; Cabanin – 50% replacer, 150ppm of vitamin E and C + 200ppm of Cabanin® CSD; and Cabanin – 100% replacer, 50ppm of vitamin E and C + 400ppm of Cabanin® CSD.
Results showed a significantly improved weight gain and feed efficiency when Cabanin was included as a partial replacement of vitamins E and C (Fig. 1, 2).
At end of the growth trial, a seven-day ammonia challenge trial was conducted for testing the survival rate of tilapia. From day 5 and onwards, a significant difference was recorded with an improved survival rate when Cabanin was included.
Less oxidative stress and improved stability in refrigerated flesh
Results showed that Cabanin also improves the antioxidant status in the body compared to low and high dosages of vitamins E and C. It was tested by taking blood samples (Table 1) for the test of stress- relevant parameters.
Table 1. Oxidative relevant parameters measured in blood and meat of tilapia
ab Means with different superscripts within the row differ significantly (P<0.05) SOD = Superoxid-dismutase, TBARS = thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances
Figure 2. Feed conversion ratio (kg/kg) in piglet trial.
Superoxide dismutases (SOD) are a group of enzymes that catalyze the dismutation of superoxide radicals (O2−) to molecular oxygen (O2) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), providing cellular defense against reactive oxygen species. Endogenous protection against oxidative stress is achieved by enzymes that catalytically remove free radicals and other reactive species. The antioxidant defense systems include antioxidants (natural or synthetic) and the antioxidant enzymes present in the biological system. Increasing the activity of SOD would subsequently enhance the clearance capacity of oxygen- free radicals in the fish. Together with the increased activity of SOD, TBARS concentration in the blood plasma is reduced.
Malondialdehyde is formed as an end-product of lipid peroxidation and, therefore, the extent of lipid ROS can be monitored by TBARS level. The relevance of TBARS as a useful marker of meat stability in meat processing and packaging was shown by Salami et al. (2016) and Marzoni et al. (2014).
This study showed that the polyphenolic antioxidant product Cabanin was dispersed, retained, and remained functional in blood plasma and in refrigerated flesh and hereby having the potential to improve shelf life in refrigerated flesh.
Conclusions
Trials indicate that all vitamin E and C content above 50ppm can be replaced in feed for tilapia.
Our general recommendation is a replacement with 2mg Cabanin per mg of pure vitamins E and C, including a significant safety margin.
The replacement of vitamins E and C with Cabanin in aquafeeds is not only beneficial for performance reasons but also in terms of price to replace a big part of vitamin E and C in fish feed.
